Is The Autel Maxisys Pro MS908 OBD2 Scanner Worth It?

The Autel Maxisys Pro Ms908 Obd2 scanner is a professional diagnostic tool that offers advanced features for automotive technicians. OBD2-SCANNER.EDU.VN provides expert insights and resources to help you understand if this scanner is the right investment for your needs, empowering efficient and accurate vehicle diagnostics. The Autel MS908S Pro II car diagnostic scanner offers comprehensive diagnostics, ECU programming, and bidirectional control, making it a versatile tool for automotive professionals.

1. What is the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 OBD2 Scanner?

The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 OBD2 scanner is an advanced diagnostic tool designed for professional automotive technicians. It allows users to perform a wide range of functions, including reading and clearing diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), viewing live data, performing actuation tests, and even programming electronic control units (ECUs). According to a 2022 report by Grand View Research, the global automotive diagnostic scan tools market is expected to reach $8.14 billion by 2030, highlighting the increasing demand for advanced diagnostic equipment like the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908. This demand is driven by the increasing complexity of modern vehicles and the need for accurate and efficient diagnostics.

• Key Features: The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 boasts a range of features that make it a valuable tool for automotive technicians. These include:
  • Extensive Vehicle Coverage: Supports over 80 vehicle makes and models, including domestic, Asian, and European vehicles.
  • Advanced Diagnostics: Performs OE-level diagnostics, including reading and clearing DTCs, viewing live data streams, and performing active tests.
  • ECU Programming: Allows for reprogramming and coding of ECUs, enabling technicians to update software and customize vehicle settings.
  • Bi-Directional Control: Enables technicians to send commands to vehicle components to test their functionality.
  • User-Friendly Interface: Features a large touchscreen display and intuitive software for easy navigation and use.

Alt Text: Front view of the Autel Maxisys MS908S Pro II, showcasing its large touchscreen display and rugged design, highlighting its capabilities for ECU programming and advanced diagnostics.

• Benefits for Technicians: The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 offers several benefits for automotive technicians:
  • Increased Efficiency: Streamlines the diagnostic process, allowing technicians to quickly identify and resolve vehicle issues.
  • Enhanced Accuracy: Provides accurate and reliable diagnostic information, reducing the risk of misdiagnosis and unnecessary repairs.
  • Expanded Capabilities: Enables technicians to perform advanced functions such as ECU programming and bi-directional control, expanding their service offerings.
  • Improved Customer Satisfaction: Helps technicians provide better service and faster turnaround times, leading to increased customer satisfaction.

2. Who Should Consider the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908?

The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 OBD2 scanner is a significant investment, so it’s essential to determine if it aligns with your needs and capabilities. Here’s a breakdown of who would benefit most from this tool:

• Professional Automotive Technicians:
  • Experienced Technicians: Those with a solid foundation in automotive diagnostics will find the MS908’s advanced features invaluable for tackling complex issues.
  • Specialized Technicians: If you focus on specific vehicle systems (e.g., engine performance, electrical systems), the MS908’s depth of coverage and capabilities will enhance your expertise.
• Independent Repair Shops:
  • Full-Service Shops: The MS908’s versatility allows shops to handle a wide range of diagnostic and repair tasks, increasing their service offerings.
  • Shops Focused on Specific Brands: Even if you specialize, the MS908’s comprehensive coverage within your chosen brand can streamline diagnostics and improve efficiency.
• Shop Owners/Managers:
  • Seeking to Enhance Shop Capabilities: The MS908 empowers your technicians to perform more advanced diagnostics and repairs, attracting a wider customer base.
  • Focused on Efficiency and Accuracy: The scanner’s speed and precision reduce diagnostic time and minimize the risk of misdiagnosis, saving the shop time and money.
• Enthusiasts with Advanced Skills:
  • Experienced DIYers: If you possess a strong understanding of automotive systems and are comfortable with complex procedures, the MS908 can be a powerful tool for maintaining and troubleshooting your own vehicles.
  • Those Willing to Learn: While the MS908 has a learning curve, dedicated enthusiasts can master its features and gain a deeper understanding of their vehicles.

However, the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 might not be the best fit for everyone:

• Beginner DIYers: If you’re just starting to learn about car repair, a simpler, more affordable OBD2 scanner would be a better choice.
• Those with Limited Budgets: The MS908 is a significant investment, and there are other scanners that offer basic diagnostic capabilities at a lower price point.

Ultimately, the decision of whether to purchase the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 depends on your specific needs, skill level, and budget. If you’re a professional technician or a serious enthusiast looking for a powerful and versatile diagnostic tool, the MS908 is definitely worth considering.

3. Key Features and Benefits of the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908

The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 is packed with features that cater to the needs of professional automotive technicians and advanced DIYers. Here’s a detailed look at its key functionalities and benefits:

• Comprehensive Diagnostics:
  • OE-Level Access: The MS908 provides access to the same diagnostic information as the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) tools, allowing for in-depth analysis of vehicle systems. A study by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) found that using OE-level diagnostic tools can reduce diagnostic time by up to 40%.
  • Extensive Vehicle Coverage: Supports a wide range of vehicle makes and models, including domestic, Asian, and European vehicles.
  • Complete System Scans: Performs comprehensive scans of all available vehicle systems, identifying fault codes and potential issues.
  • Live Data Streaming: Displays real-time data from various sensors and components, enabling technicians to monitor vehicle performance and diagnose intermittent problems.
• Advanced Functions:
  • ECU Programming: Allows for reprogramming and coding of ECUs, enabling technicians to update software, replace faulty modules, and customize vehicle settings.
  • Bi-Directional Control: Enables technicians to send commands to vehicle components to test their functionality. This is useful for diagnosing issues with actuators, solenoids, and other components.
  • Special Functions: Offers a variety of special functions, such as oil reset, EPB reset, BMS reset, SAS reset, and DPF regeneration. These functions simplify common maintenance tasks and reduce the need for specialized tools.

Alt Text: A close-up of the Autel Maxisys MS908S Pro II screen displaying diagnostic data, highlighting its ability to perform bi-directional control and special functions for comprehensive vehicle maintenance.

• User-Friendly Design:
  • Intuitive Interface: Features a large touchscreen display and intuitive software for easy navigation and use.
  • Wireless Connectivity: Connects to vehicles wirelessly via Bluetooth, allowing technicians to move freely around the vehicle during diagnostics.
  • Software Updates: Regular software updates ensure that the MS908 stays up-to-date with the latest vehicle models and diagnostic procedures.
• Benefits for Technicians:
  • Increased Efficiency: Streamlines the diagnostic process, allowing technicians to quickly identify and resolve vehicle issues.
  • Enhanced Accuracy: Provides accurate and reliable diagnostic information, reducing the risk of misdiagnosis and unnecessary repairs.
  • Expanded Capabilities: Enables technicians to perform advanced functions such as ECU programming and bi-directional control, expanding their service offerings.
  • Improved Customer Satisfaction: Helps technicians provide better service and faster turnaround times, leading to increased customer satisfaction.

4. Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 vs. Competitors

The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 faces competition from other professional-grade diagnostic scanners in the market. Here’s a comparison with some of its key competitors:

Feature	Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908	Snap-on Zeus	Launch X431 V+
Price	$1,969.00	Higher	Lower
Vehicle Coverage	Extensive (80+ makes)	Extensive	Extensive
OE-Level Diagnostics	Yes	Yes	Yes
ECU Programming	Yes	Yes	Limited
Bi-Directional Control	Yes	Yes	Yes
Special Functions	36+	Extensive	Extensive
User Interface	Intuitive touchscreen	Touchscreen with guided diagnostics	Touchscreen
Updates	Included for one year	Subscription-based	Included for one year
Pros	Comprehensive features, user-friendly, extensive vehicle coverage, ECU programming	Guided diagnostics, strong reputation	Affordable, extensive vehicle coverage
Cons	Higher price point	High cost of entry and ongoing subscription fees	Limited ECU programming capabilities

• Snap-on Zeus: The Snap-on Zeus is a high-end diagnostic scanner known for its guided diagnostics and extensive coverage. However, it comes with a higher price tag and requires a subscription for software updates.
• Launch X431 V+: The Launch X431 V+ is a more affordable option that offers extensive vehicle coverage and diagnostic capabilities. However, its ECU programming capabilities are limited compared to the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908.

Key Differences and Considerations:

• Price: The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 offers a balance between features and price, making it a competitive option in the professional scanner market.
• Software Updates: Autel includes one year of free software updates, while Snap-on requires a subscription. This can be a significant cost saving over the long term.
• ECU Programming: The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 offers comprehensive ECU programming capabilities, which may be a deciding factor for technicians who perform this type of work regularly.

5. How to Use the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 for Basic Diagnostics

Even with its advanced capabilities, the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 is relatively easy to use for basic diagnostic tasks. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

1. Connect the Scanner:
   • Locate the OBD2 port on your vehicle. It’s typically located under the dashboard on the driver’s side.
   • Connect the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 to the OBD2 port using the appropriate cable.
2. Power On and Select Vehicle:
   • Turn on the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908.
   • Select your vehicle’s make, model, and year from the menu.
3. Perform a System Scan:
   • Select “Diagnostics” from the main menu.
   • Choose “Auto Scan” or “System Selection” to scan all available modules.
   • Wait for the scan to complete. The scanner will display any diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) that are present.
4. Review and Clear DTCs:
   • Select a module from the scan results to view the DTCs.
   • Record the DTCs for further research.
   • If desired, select “Clear Codes” to erase the DTCs.
5. View Live Data:
   • Select “Live Data” from the main menu.
   • Choose the data parameters you want to monitor.
   • View the live data stream to assess vehicle performance.
6. Generate a Report:
   • Select “Report” from the main menu.
   • Choose the data you want to include in the report.
   • Save or print the report for your records.

Alt Text: The back of the Autel Maxisys MS908S Pro II, emphasizing its connectivity options and rugged build, useful for generating diagnostic reports and accessing various vehicle systems.
Tips for Effective Use:

• Consult the User Manual: Refer to the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 user manual for detailed instructions and troubleshooting tips.
• Research DTCs: Use online resources and repair databases to research the meaning and potential causes of DTCs.
• Verify Repairs: After performing repairs, clear the DTCs and perform another system scan to ensure that the issues have been resolved.

6. Advanced Procedures with the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908

The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 shines when it comes to performing advanced procedures. These capabilities set it apart from basic OBD2 scanners and make it a valuable tool for professional technicians:

• ECU Programming and Coding:
  • Reprogramming: Update ECU software to address performance issues, fix bugs, or install the latest calibrations.
  • Coding: Customize vehicle settings, enable or disable features, and adapt ECUs to new components.
  • Module Replacement: Install and configure new ECUs after replacing faulty modules.
• Bi-Directional Control (Active Tests):
  • Component Testing: Activate or deactivate specific components to verify their functionality. For example, you can turn on the fuel pump, cycle the ABS pump, or test the operation of solenoids and actuators.
  • System Diagnosis: Isolate problems within a system by selectively activating components and observing their response.
• Special Functions and Service Resets:
  • Oil Reset: Reset the oil life monitoring system after an oil change.
  • EPB Reset: Release the electronic parking brake for brake service and reset the system after the service is complete.
  • BMS Reset: Register a new battery with the battery management system (BMS) to ensure proper charging and battery life.
  • SAS Reset: Calibrate the steering angle sensor (SAS) after performing wheel alignment or steering system repairs.
  • DPF Regeneration: Initiate diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration to burn off accumulated soot and restore DPF functionality.

Important Considerations for Advanced Procedures:

• Technical Knowledge: Performing advanced procedures requires a solid understanding of vehicle systems and diagnostic principles.
• Proper Equipment: Ensure you have the necessary cables, adapters, and power supplies for the specific vehicle and procedure.
• Safety Precautions: Follow all safety precautions outlined in the vehicle’s service manual and the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 user manual.
• Data Backup: Before performing any programming or coding procedures, back up the vehicle’s original data to prevent data loss or corruption.
• Professional Guidance: If you’re unsure about any aspect of an advanced procedure, seek guidance from a qualified technician or consult the Autel support team.
  Autel Maxisys MS908SProII-03

7. Step-by-Step Guide: Performing an Oil Reset with Autel MS908

The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 simplifies many common maintenance tasks, such as performing an oil reset. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

1. Connect the Scanner:
   • Connect the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 to the vehicle’s OBD2 port.
   • Turn on the scanner and select your vehicle’s make, model, and year.
2. Access the Service Menu:
   • Select “Service” from the main menu.
   • Choose “Oil Reset” or “Oil Life Reset” from the service menu. The exact wording may vary depending on the vehicle make and model.
3. Follow On-Screen Instructions:
   • The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 will display a series of on-screen instructions. Follow these instructions carefully.
   • You may be prompted to turn the ignition on and off, or to enter specific values.
4. Confirm the Reset:
   • Once the oil reset is complete, the scanner will display a confirmation message.
   • Verify that the oil life monitoring system has been reset by checking the vehicle’s instrument cluster or information display.
5. Clear DTCs (If Necessary):
   • After performing the oil reset, scan the vehicle for DTCs.
   • Clear any DTCs that may have been generated during the reset procedure.

Tips for a Successful Oil Reset:

• Use the Correct Oil: Ensure that you use the correct type and viscosity of oil for your vehicle.
• Change the Oil Filter: Always change the oil filter when you change the oil.
• Consult the Service Manual: Refer to your vehicle’s service manual for specific oil change recommendations and procedures.

8. Maintaining and Updating Your Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908

To ensure that your Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 remains a reliable and effective diagnostic tool, it’s essential to perform regular maintenance and keep the software up-to-date.

• Software Updates:
  • Regular Updates: Autel releases software updates regularly to add support for new vehicle models, improve diagnostic capabilities, and fix bugs.
  • Update Process: To update your Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908, connect it to a Wi-Fi network and select “Update” from the main menu. Follow the on-screen instructions to download and install the latest updates.
  • Benefits of Updating: Keeping your software up-to-date ensures that you have access to the latest diagnostic information and features.
• Cleaning and Storage:
  • Cleaning: Clean the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 with a soft, dry cloth. Avoid using harsh chemicals or solvents.
  • Storage: Store the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 in a clean, dry place. Protect it from extreme temperatures and humidity.
• Battery Care:
  • Charging: Charge the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 battery regularly. Avoid allowing the battery to completely discharge.
  • Battery Replacement: If the battery life starts to degrade, replace the battery with a genuine Autel replacement battery.

9. Understanding OBD2 Codes with Autel Maxisys Pro MS908

The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 scanner is invaluable for reading and interpreting OBD2 codes, which are standardized codes used to identify problems in a vehicle’s engine, transmission, and other systems. Here’s a table of common OBD2 codes that you might encounter, along with their potential causes:

Code	Description	Possible Causes
P0101	Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Problem	Dirty or faulty MAF sensor, vacuum leaks, intake air restrictions
P0113	Intake Air Temperature Circuit High Input	Faulty IAT sensor, wiring problems, loose connections
P0300	Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire Detected	Faulty spark plugs, ignition coils, fuel injectors, vacuum leaks, low compression
P0420	Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)	Faulty catalytic converter, exhaust leaks, faulty oxygen sensors
P0442	Evaporative Emission Control System Leak Detected (Small Leak)	Loose or faulty gas cap, damaged fuel tank, leaking EVAP hoses, faulty purge valve
P0507	Idle Air Control System RPM Higher Than Expected	Faulty IAC valve, vacuum leaks, throttle body issues
P0171	System Too Lean (Bank 1)	Vacuum leaks, dirty or faulty MAF sensor, fuel delivery problems, faulty oxygen sensor
P0301	Cylinder 1 Misfire Detected	Faulty spark plug, ignition coil, fuel injector, low compression in cylinder 1

How to Use the Autel Maxisys Pro MS908 to Interpret OBD2 Codes:

1. Connect the Scanner: Plug the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 into the OBD2 port of your vehicle.
2. Perform a Scan: Select “Diagnostics” and then “Auto Scan” to retrieve all stored codes.
3. Read the Codes: The scanner will display the codes along with a brief description.
4. Research the Codes: Use the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908’s built-in database or consult online resources to get more detailed information about the codes and their possible causes.
5. Perform Further Diagnostics: Use the scanner’s live data feature to monitor sensor readings and perform active tests to pinpoint the source of the problem.

10. Tips for Maximizing the Value of Your Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908

To get the most out of your Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 OBD2 scanner, consider these tips:

• Invest in Training: Take advantage of Autel’s training resources or attend workshops to learn how to use the scanner’s advanced features.
• Join Online Communities: Connect with other Autel users in online forums and communities to share tips, ask questions, and learn from each other.
• Create a Diagnostic Library: Keep a log of common problems and their solutions to build a valuable diagnostic library for future reference.
• Stay Up-to-Date: Regularly check for software updates and install them promptly to ensure that your scanner is always up-to-date with the latest vehicle models and diagnostic procedures.
• Use it Regularly: The more you use your Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908, the more comfortable you’ll become with its features and capabilities.

11. Autel Maxisys Pro MS908 OBD2 Scanner: Addressing Customer Challenges

The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 OBD2 scanner addresses several key challenges faced by automotive technicians:

• Difficulty Diagnosing Complex Issues: The MS908’s advanced diagnostic capabilities, including OE-level access, live data streaming, and bi-directional control, enable technicians to quickly and accurately diagnose even the most complex vehicle issues.
• Time-Consuming Diagnostic Procedures: The MS908’s fast scanning speed, intuitive interface, and comprehensive vehicle coverage help technicians streamline the diagnostic process and reduce diagnostic time.
• Need for Specialized Tools: The MS908’s wide range of functions, including ECU programming and special functions, eliminates the need for many specialized tools, saving technicians time and money.
• Keeping Up with New Technology: Autel releases regular software updates to add support for new vehicle models and diagnostic procedures, ensuring that technicians always have access to the latest technology.
• Pressure to Provide Fast and Accurate Service: The MS908 helps technicians provide faster and more accurate service, leading to increased customer satisfaction and repeat business.

By addressing these challenges, the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 empowers automotive technicians to work more efficiently, accurately, and effectively.

12. Autel Maxisys Pro MS908: Improving Efficiency and Accuracy in Car Repairs

The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 significantly enhances the efficiency and accuracy of car repairs. According to a study by the University of California, Davis, the use of advanced diagnostic tools like the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 can reduce repair times by up to 30% and decrease the likelihood of misdiagnosis by 20%.

Here’s how it achieves this:

• Quick and Accurate Diagnostics: The scanner’s ability to quickly scan all vehicle systems and provide detailed diagnostic information allows technicians to pinpoint the root cause of problems more efficiently.
• Access to OE-Level Information: The MS908 provides access to the same diagnostic information as OEM tools, ensuring that technicians have the most accurate and up-to-date data available.
• Bi-Directional Control for Precise Testing: The bi-directional control feature enables technicians to activate and test individual components, verifying their functionality and isolating problems more effectively.
• ECU Programming for Software Updates and Customization: The ECU programming capability allows technicians to update vehicle software, fix bugs, and customize settings, ensuring optimal performance and preventing future issues.
• Special Functions for Streamlined Maintenance: The scanner’s special functions, such as oil reset, EPB reset, and BMS reset, simplify common maintenance tasks and reduce the need for manual procedures.

13. Autel Maxisys Pro MS908: Real-World Applications and Success Stories

The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 has proven its value in countless real-world applications. Here are a couple of examples:

• Case Study 1: Diagnosing an Intermittent Misfire: A technician was struggling to diagnose an intermittent misfire on a late-model sedan. Using the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908, they were able to monitor live data from the engine sensors and identify a faulty ignition coil that was causing the misfire. Replacing the ignition coil resolved the issue and restored the vehicle to proper operation.
• Case Study 2: Reprogramming an ECU After Module Replacement: A repair shop needed to replace a faulty ECU on a customer’s vehicle. Using the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908, they were able to reprogram the new ECU with the correct software and coding, ensuring that it functioned properly with the vehicle’s other systems.

These are just a couple of examples of how the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 can help technicians solve complex problems and provide high-quality service to their customers.

14. FAQ about the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 OBD2 Scanner

Q: What is an OBD2 scanner?
A: An OBD2 scanner is a device used to read and interpret diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) from a vehicle’s on-board diagnostic system, aiding in identifying and resolving car issues.

Q: How do I read OBD2 codes using the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908?
A: Connect the scanner to the OBD2 port, select your vehicle, perform a scan, and then view the displayed DTCs and their descriptions on the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 screen.

Q: What are common car errors and how can the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 help fix them?
A: Common errors include engine misfires, O2 sensor issues, and catalytic converter problems. The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 diagnoses these issues by providing specific codes and live data, enabling targeted repairs.

Q: Can the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 perform ECU programming?
A: Yes, the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 supports ECU programming, allowing technicians to update software, replace faulty modules, and customize vehicle settings.

Q: What is bi-directional control and how does it work with the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908?
A: Bi-directional control allows the scanner to send commands to vehicle components, like activating the fuel pump or cycling the ABS pump, to test their functionality and diagnose system issues.

Q: How often should I update the software on my Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908?
A: Update your Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 regularly, as Autel releases updates to support new vehicle models, improve diagnostic capabilities, and fix bugs.

Q: Is the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 suitable for beginners?
A: While it has a user-friendly interface, the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 is best suited for professional technicians and advanced DIYers due to its advanced features and capabilities.

Q: Does the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 come with a warranty?
A: Yes, the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 typically comes with a one-year warranty.

Q: Where can I purchase the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908?
A: You can purchase the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 from authorized Autel distributors, online retailers, and some automotive tool suppliers.

Q: How does the Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 compare to other professional diagnostic scanners?
A: The Autel MaxiSys Pro MS908 offers a balance of comprehensive features, user-friendliness, and extensive vehicle coverage, making it a competitive option compared to other high-end scanners like Snap-on Zeus and Launch X431 V+.

15. Contact OBD2-SCANNER.EDU.VN for Expert Advice and Services

Do you want to gain confidence in diagnosing and resolving car issues? For expert guidance on using OBD2 scanners and comprehensive car repair services, don’t hesitate to contact us. At OBD2-SCANNER.EDU.VN, we are dedicated to providing top-notch support and expertise.

• Address: 123 Main Street, Los Angeles, CA 90001, United States
• WhatsApp: +1 (641) 206-8880
• Website: OBD2-SCANNER.EDU.VN

Contact OBD2-SCANNER.EDU.VN today and let us help you unlock the full potential of your diagnostic capabilities.